باب كراهة الخروج من بلد وقع فيها الوباء فراراً منه وكراهة القدوم عليه
1791 وَعَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رضي اللَّه عَنْهُمَا أنَّ عُمَر بْنِ الْخَطًَّابِ رضي اللَّه عَنْهُ خَرَجَ إلَى الشَّامِ حَتَّى إذَا كَانَ بِسَرْغٍ لَقِيَهُ أُمَراءُ الأجْنَادِ أبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الجَرَّاحِ وَأصْحَابُهُ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ أنَّ الْوبَاءَ قَدْ وَقَعَ بالشَّامِ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَقَالَ لي عُمَرُ: ادْعُ لِي المُهاجرِين الأوَّلِينَ فَدَعَوتُهم، فَاسْتَشَارهم، وَأَخْبرَهُم أنَّ الْوَبَاءَ قَدْ وَقَعَ بِالشَّامِ، فَاخْتلَفوا، فَقَالَ بَعْصُهُمْ: خَرَجْتَ لأَمْرٍ، وَلاَ نَرَى أنْ تَرْجِعَ عَنْهُ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: مَعَكَ بَقِيَّة النَّاسِ وَأصْحَابُ رسُولِ اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم، وَلا نَرَى أنْ تُقْدِمَهُم عَلَى هَذَا الْوَبَاءِ، فَقَالَ: ارْتَفِعُوا عَنِّي، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ادْعُ لِي الأَنْصَارَ، فَدعَوتُهُم، فَاسْتَشَارهمْ، فَسَلَكُوا سَبِيلَ المُهاجرِين، وَاختَلَفوا كَاخْتلافهم، فَقَال: ارْتَفِعُوا عَنِي، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ادْعُ لِي مَنْ كَانَ هَا هُنَا مِنْ مَشْيَخَةِ قُرَيْشٍ مِنْ مُهَاجِرةِ الْفَتْحِ، فَدَعَوْتُهُمْ، فَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلانِ، فَقَالُوا: نَرَى أنْ تَرْجِعَ بِالنَّاسِ وَلاَ تُقْدِمَهُم عَلَى هَذَا الْوَبَاءِ، فَنَادى عُمَرُ رضي اللَّه عَنْهُ في النَّاسِ: إنِّي مُصْبِحٌ عَلَى ظَهْرِ، فَأَصْبِحُوا عَلَيْهِ: فَقَال أبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْن الجَرَّاحِ رضي اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: أَفِرَاراً مِنْ قَدَرِ اللَّه؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رضي اللَّه عَنْهُ: لَوْ غَيْرُكَ قَالَهَا يَا أبَا عُبيْدَةَ، وكَانَ عُمَرُ يَكْرَهُ خِلافَهُ، نَعَمْ نَفِرُّ منْ قَدَرِ اللَّه إلى قَدَرِ اللَّه، أرأَيْتَ لَوْ كَانَ لَكَ إبِلٌ، فَهَبَطَتْ وَادِياً لهُ عُدْوَتَانِ، إحْدَاهُمَا خَصْبةٌ، والأخْرَى جَدْبَةٌ، ألَيْسَ إنْ رَعَيْتَ الخَصْبَةَ رعَيْتَهَا بقَدَرِ اللَّه، وإنْ رَعَيْتَ الجَدْبَةَ رعَيْتَهَا بِقَدَر اللَّه، قَالَ: فجَاءَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ رضي اللَّه عَنْهُ، وَكَانَ مُتَغَيِّباً في بَعْضِ حَاجَتِهِ، فَقَال: إنَّ عِنْدِي مِنْ هَذَا
عِلْماً، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم يَقُولُ: "إذَا سَمِعْتُمْ بِهِ بِأرْضٍ، فلاَ تَقْدمُوا عَلَيْهِ، وإذَا وَقَعَ بِأَرْضٍ وَأَنْتُمْ بِهَا، فَلا تخْرُجُوا فِرَاراً مِنْهُ" فَحَمِدَ اللَّه تَعَالى عُمَرُ رضي اللَّه عَنْهُ وَانْصَرَفَ، متفقٌ عَلَيْهِ.
والْعُدْوَةُ: جانِبُ الْوادِي.
Hadith 1791 - Bab 361 (Undesirability of departing from or coming to a Place stricken by a Epidemic)
Chapter 18 (The Book of the Prohibited actions)
Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: 'Umar bin Al- Khattab (May Allah be pleased with him) set out for Ash-Sham (the region comprising Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan). As he reached at Sargh (a town by the side of Hijaz) he came across the governor of Al-Ajnad, Abu 'Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah (May Allah be pleased with him) and his companions. They informed him that an had broken out in Syria. Ibn 'Abbas relates: 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) said to me: "Call to me the earliest Muhajirun (Emigrants)." So I called them. He sought their advice and told them that an epidemic had broken out in Ash-Sham. There was a difference of opinion whether they should proceed further or retreat to their homes in such a situation. Some of them said: "You have set forth to fight the enemy, and therefore you should not go back;" whereas some of them said: "As you have along with you many eminent Companions of Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him), we would not advice you to set forth to the place of the plague (and thus expose them deliberately to a danger)." 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) said: "You can now go away." He said: "Call to me the Ansar (the Helpers)." So I called them to him, and he consulted them and they differed in their opinions as well. He said: "Now, you may go." He again said: "Call the old (wise people) of the Quraish who had emigrated before the conquest of Makkah." I called them. 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) consulted them in this issue and not even two persons among them differed in the opinions. They said: "We think that you should go back along with the people and do not take them to this scourge. 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) made an announcement to the people, saying: "In the morning I intend to go back, and I want you to do the same." Abu 'Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah (May Allah be pleased with him) said: "Are you going to run away from the Divine Decree?" Thereupon 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Abu 'Ubaidah ! Had it been someone else to say this." ('Umar (May Allah be pleased with him) did not like to differ with him). He said: "Yes, we are running from the Divine Decree to the Divine Decree. What do you think if you have camels and you happen to get down a valley having two sides, one of them covered with foliage and the other being barren, will you not act according to the Divine Decree if you graze them in vegetative land? In case you graze them in the barren land, even then you will be doing so according to the Divine Decree.
There happened to come 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Auf who had been absent for some of his needs. He said: I have knowledge about it. I heard the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him) saying, "If you get wind of the outbreak of plague in a land, you should not enter it; but if it spreads in the land where you are, you should not depart from it." Thereupon 'Umar bin Khattab (May Allah be pleased with him) praised Allah and went back.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Selon Ibn "Abbàs (das), "Omar Ibn Al Khattâb (das) sortit vers la Syrie. Quand il fut au lieu dit «Sargh» il fut accueilli par les gouverneurs des provinces de la Syrie, Abou "Oubeyda Ibn Al Jarrâh et ses compagnons. Ils lui apprirent que la peste s"était déclarée en Syrie. Ibn "Abbàs rapporte: «"Omar me dit: «Va m"appeler les premiers exilés de la Mecque». Je les lui fis venir et il leur demanda conseil en leur annonçant que la peste s"était déclarée en Syrie. Ils furent d"avis différents. Les uns dirent: «Tu es sorti pour une mission (combattre l"ennemi) et nous ne sommes pas d"avis à ce que tu t"en détournes». Les autres lui dirent: «Tu as avec toi tout ce qui reste de la première génération ainsi que les Compagnons du Prophète (bsdl) et nous ne sommes pas d"avis à ce que tu les livres à cette épidémie». Il leur dit: «Eloignez-vous de moi». Puis il me dit: «Pais-moi venir les Ansârs». Je suis allé les chercher et il leur demanda conseil. Ils suivirent la même conduite que les exilés de la Mecque et, comme eux, leurs avis furent partagés. Il leur dit: «Eloignez-vous de moi». Puis il me dit: «Appelle-moi ceux qui se trouvent ici des vieux sages de Qoreysh, de ceux d"entre eux qui ont embrassé l"Islam avant la conquête de la Mecque et qui s"étaient exilés». Je les lui fis venir et ils furent unanimes à dire: «Notre avis est que tu rebrousses chemin avec ton armée et que tu ne la livres pas à l"épidémie». "Omar cria alors parmi les gens: «Dès le lever du jour je vais enfourcher ma monture (pour rentrer à Médine) et faites-en de même». Abou "Oubeyda Ibn Al Jarrâh (das) lui dit: «Est-ce une fuite du destin de Dieu?» "Omar (das) lui dit: «Ah si quelqu"un d"autre que toi l"avait dit, ô "Oubeyda! (je l"aurais sûrement châtié)». "Omar n"aimait pas en effet qu"on le contredise. «Oui, nous fuyons du destin de Dieu au destin de Dieu. Que dis-tu si tu avais des chameaux et que tu eusses mis pied à terre dans le lit d"un torrent ayant deux rives, l"une verdoyante et l"autre aride. N"est-ce pas que si tu laisses paître tes bêtes dans la rive verdoyante ce sera par la prédestination de Dieu, et que si tu les laisses paître dans la rive aride ce sera aussi par la prédestination de Dieu?» Le narrateur ajoute: «Juste à ce moment arriva "Abdurrahman Ibn "Awf qui avait été retenu par quelqu"affaire et dit: «Je détiens une science concernant ce sujet. J"ai entendu le Messager de Dieu (bsdl) dire: «Quand vous apprenez que l"épidémie est dans un pays, n"y allez pas et, si l"épidémie arrive quand vous y êtes déjà, n"en sortez pas». "Omar remercia alors Dieu exalté et prit le chemin du retour. (ura)
1792 وَعَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ رضي اللَّه عَنْهُ عنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم قَالَ: "إذَا سمِعْتُمْ الطَّاعُونَ بِأَرْضٍ، فَلاَ تَدْخُلُوهَا، وَإذَا وقَعَ بِأَرْضٍ، وَأَنْتُمْ فِيهَا، فَلاَ تَخْرُجُوا مِنْهَا" متفقٌ عليهِ.
Hadith 1792 - Bab 361 (Undesirability of departing from or coming to a Place stricken by a Epidemic)
Chapter 18 (The Book of the Prohibited actions)
Usamah bin Zaid (May Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (Peace be upon him) said, "If you get wind of the outbreak of plague in a land, do not enter it; and if it breaks out in a land in which you are, do not leave it."
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Selon Ousâma Ibn Zeyd (das), le Prophète (bsdl) a dit: «Quand vous apprenez que la peste s"est déclarée dans un pays, n"y entrez pas; et quand elle s"y déclare alors que vous y êtes, n"en sortez pas».